How to take the vocational education college entrance examination? How to make a choice?

建立“职教高考”制度，在笔者看来，不仅必要，而且可行。当务之急，至少要按照中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发的《关于推动现代职业教育高质量发展的意见》要求，尽快建立和完善“省级统筹”的“职教高考”制度。统一的“职教高考”制度，不仅能保证招生考试相对公平，而且能迅速促进职业教育内涵发展、质量提升。

In my opinion, establishing a "vocational education college entrance examination" system is not only necessary but also feasible. The urgent task is to establish and improve the "provincial-level coordinated" "vocational education college entrance examination" system as soon as possible, in accordance with the requirements of the "Opinions on Promoting the High Quality Development of Modern Vocational Education" issued by the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council. A unified "vocational education college entrance examination" system can not only ensure relative fairness in enrollment exams, but also quickly promote the development and quality improvement of vocational education.

一是可以助推高等职业教育高质量发展。因为考试标准统一、考试内容一致，招生录取可以根据招生院校办学水平和办学特色划定录取分数线，让高水平学校和专业录取到高水平学生。同时，建立统一的“职教高考”制度，可以推动高等职业学校（含职业本科，下同）重内涵、抓提质，在高职教育内部形成你追我赶的高质量发展新局面。

Firstly, it can promote the high-quality development of higher vocational education. Because the exam standards are unified and the exam content is consistent, admission scores can be set based on the educational level and characteristics of the enrollment institution, allowing high-level schools and majors to admit high-level students. At the same time, establishing a unified "vocational education college entrance examination" system can promote higher vocational schools (including vocational undergraduate programs, the same below) to focus on content and quality improvement, and form a new situation of high-quality development that catches up with each other within vocational education.

二是可以助推中等职业教育高质量发展。“职教高考”统一考试，可以让中职教育质量看得见、摸得着。学生可凭借自己的学业水平和兴趣爱好选择喜欢的高职学校，从而点燃学习热情，亦可激发教师的教学热情。目前，中职教育的社会认可度不高，其中一个重要原因是中职教学质量不高、吸引力不强，家长担心孩子进入中职学校学不到、学不好真技能。而中职教育存在的问题，其中一个重要原因是缺乏科学、合理、统一的评价办法。可以预见，建立“职教高考”制度后，中职教育发展必将迎来一次质的飞跃。

Secondly, it can promote the high-quality development of secondary vocational education. The unified examination of the "Vocational Education College Entrance Examination" can make the quality of secondary vocational education visible and tangible. Students can choose their preferred vocational schools based on their academic level and interests, thereby igniting their enthusiasm for learning and stimulating teachers' teaching enthusiasm. At present, the social recognition of secondary vocational education is not high, one of the important reasons is that the quality of secondary vocational education is not high and the attractiveness is not strong, and parents are worried that their children will not be able to learn real skills well when entering secondary vocational schools. One important reason for the problems in secondary vocational education is the lack of scientific, reasonable, and unified evaluation methods. It can be foreseen that after the establishment of the "vocational education college entrance examination" system, the development of secondary vocational education will inevitably usher in a qualitative leap.

当然，“职教高考”一定要突出职业教育的类型特点，避免重复和步入应试教育的误区。

Of course, the "vocational education college entrance examination" must highlight the types and characteristics of vocational education, to avoid repetition and the misunderstanding of entering exam oriented education.

一是要整合现有“职教高考”形式。譬如，将现有的对口升学考试和高职单招等整合成统一的“职教高考”，统一考试要求、考试时间，根据考试成绩分层分类录取。

One is to integrate the existing forms of the "vocational education college entrance examination". For example, integrating existing corresponding entrance exams and vocational college entrance exams into a unified "vocational education college entrance examination", unifying exam requirements and time, and classifying admission based on exam scores.

二是统一“文化素质”考试。文化素质考试是“职教高考”的重要内容。文化素质是中职生可持续发展的重要基础和高素质大国工匠的必备条件。实行文化素质统考，不仅可以维护“职教高考”制度的公平，而且能促进中职学校教学质量的提高，确保中职学校“就业与升学并重”。目前，国家已经统一制定了中职学校公共基础课程标准，编写了公共基础课程教材，并且在新的课程标准中明确规定了“达标”和“升学”两类学业水平标准，完全可以按照课程标准组织文化公共基础课程统一考试。

The second is to unify the "cultural literacy" exam. The cultural literacy exam is an important part of the vocational education college entrance examination. Cultural quality is an important foundation for the sustainable development of vocational school students and a necessary condition for high-quality national craftsmen. Implementing the unified examination of cultural literacy can not only maintain the fairness of the "vocational education college entrance examination" system, but also promote the improvement of teaching quality in vocational schools, ensuring that vocational schools place equal emphasis on employment and further education. At present, the country has uniformly formulated the standards for public basic courses in vocational schools, compiled public basic course textbooks, and clearly stipulated two academic level standards: "reaching the standard" and "entering higher education" in the new curriculum standards. It is completely possible to organize unified exams for cultural public basic courses according to the curriculum standards.

如果全国统一考试还有难度，建议各省先建立和完善中职学业水平考试制度，将其成绩作为升入高职院校的文化素质依据。需要注意的是，“职教高考”的文化考试应有别于普通高考，要基于中职生实际和专业学习需要确定文化课成绩在专业录取中的比重，避免唯总分论和平均分论。理想的“职教高考”制度应该能够保证人尽其才、适才适所，特别是一些“偏才”“怪才”能够在考试制度中脱颖而出，而不是被埋没或淘汰。

If there are still difficulties in the national unified examination, it is recommended that each province first establish and improve the system of vocational school academic level examination, and use its scores as a cultural quality basis for promotion to vocational colleges. It should be noted that the cultural examination of the "Vocational Education College Entrance Examination" should be different from the ordinary college entrance examination, and the proportion of cultural course scores in professional admission should be determined based on the actual situation and professional learning needs of vocational school students, avoiding only the total score and average score theory. The ideal "vocational education college entrance examination" system should ensure that people can make the most of their talents and adapt to their needs, especially some "talented" and "eccentric" individuals who can stand out in the examination system, rather than being buried or eliminated.

三是合理组织“职业技能”考试。职业技能考试是职业教育类型特点在“职教高考”中的重要体现。职业技能由专业基础和专业技能两部分组成。前者是专业理论，是学好专业技能的基本保证，建议实行统考，并纳入学业水平考试范围作为“职教高考”招生录取的重要依据。

The third is to organize "vocational skills" exams reasonably. The vocational skills exam is an important manifestation of the characteristics of vocational education types in the "vocational education college entrance examination". Vocational skills consist of two parts: professional foundation and professional skills. The former is a professional theory and a basic guarantee for mastering professional skills. It is recommended to implement a unified examination and include it in the scope of academic level exams as an important basis for enrollment and admission in the "vocational education college entrance examination".

专业技能可以根据专业特点确定考试办法，共性强、规模大的专业技能可实行统考，专业性强、规模小的专业可由招生院校单独组织考试。这样，就能初步构建起融“统考+单招”“笔试+面试”“文化素质+职业技能”一体的具有职业教育特点的公平公正的“职教高考”制度。

The examination method for professional skills can be determined based on the characteristics of the major. Specialized skills with strong commonality and large scale can be subject to unified examination, while specialized and small scale majors can be individually organized by the enrollment institution. In this way, a fair and just "vocational education college entrance examination" system with the characteristics of vocational education can be preliminarily constructed, which integrates "unified examination+individual recruitment", "written examination+interview", and "cultural quality+vocational skills".

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